Immunodeficiency refers to a condition where the immune system’s ability to fight infections and diseases is compromised or entirely absent. Sometimes immunodeficiency occurs due to genetics. This is known as primary immunodeficiency (PI) and is usually attributed to a missing component of the immune system. While some forms of PI are discovered at birth or during early childhood, they can affect individuals at any age and regardless of gender. Some PI diseases impact a single part of the immune system, while others can affect multiple components.
However, not all immunodeficiency is PI. Sometimes an immune system defect is acquired due to external factors like infections, malnutrition, or, more commonly in the 21st century, treatments like chemotherapy. This is often characterized as “secondary immunodeficiency”.
Regardless of whether the immunodeficiency is primary or secondary, these children and adults are more susceptible to infections. When infections occur, they can be more frequent, severe, and harder to treat than in people with a fully functioning immune system.
Advancements in medical research have greatly improved our understanding and management of immunodeficiency. Genetic testing and other advanced diagnostic tools now allow for early detection and more accurate classification of these disorders, leading to more personalized and effective treatment plans. Examples of immune-based treatment include immunoglobulin replacement, antibiotics to prevent infections, and in some cases, bone marrow or stem cell transplants.
Living with an immunodeficiency requires careful management and regular medical care to prevent and control infections. With the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments, many individuals with immunodeficiency can lead healthy, active lives. It is important for patients with immunodeficiency to work with their Ohio ENT & Allergy provider to develop a comprehensive plan tailored to their specific needs.